碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒的轴向导热系数测试

碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒为各向异性导热，其轴向导热系数是筒体温度场理论计算、成型工艺优化的重要参数。碳纤维复合材料圆筒由于较小的截面面积给筒体加热、热量有效传递带来了较大困难。本文以平板材料导热系数的稳态法测试国家标准为基础，基于傅里叶一维稳态导热原理，设计了一套用于薄壁圆筒轴向导热系数测试的装置，采用双试件对称加热、辐射换热防护及热对流环境控制等实现了热量沿筒体轴向的有效传导，利用该装置对导热系数已知的铝筒进行测试，验证了该装置设计的可行性，得到了碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒的轴向导热系数为（4.60±0.13） W/(m•K)。     

Silicone-coated polyimide films deposited by surface dielectric barrier discharges

Hybrid dielectric barrier discharges are investigated for plasma generated on the surface of a dielectric layer, where two conducting electrodes of high voltage and ground are formulated on the upper and bottom surfaces. Using a flexible thin polyimide-film of a thickness ranging from 25 to 125 μm, a plasma is generated with a voltage of about 1 kV and a frequency of 40 kHz.However, the surface of the dielectric layer was etched through a chemical reaction involving plasma oxygen radical species, and thus the polyimide films failed readily, resulting in dielectric breakdown within short operating time ranging from a few minutes to several tens of minutes,based on the film thicknesses of 25 μm and 125 μm, respectively. These plasma erosions were prevented by coating the polyimide surface with a 25 μm thick silicone paste. The siliconecoated film surface was then reinforced remarkably against plasma erosion as the organic polymer was vulnerable to chemical reaction of the plasma species, while the inorganic silicone exhibited a high chemical resistance against plasma erosion.     

Mechanical properties of continuous bamboo fiber-reinforced biobased polyamide 11 composites

This study is devoted to the analysis of the properties of continuous bamboo fiber (BF)-reinforced polyamide 11 (PA 11) composites. The SEM observations highlighted continuity between BFs and the polymeric matrix showing a high density of hydrogen bonds. The comparative calorimetric study of the matrix and its composites showed that the crystallinity of PA 11 was not modified by the presence of bamboo fibers. The physical aging observed in PA 11 is no more observed in composites due to physical interactions between PA 11 and BFs. The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile strength and dynamic mechanical analysis. The introduction of BFs enhanced Young's modulus of the matrix by a factor of 10. The presence of BFs also improved the storage shear modulus G′ over the whole temperature range. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47623.     

高功率光纤激光器光纤器件封装应力影响研究

高功率激光器无源器件制作过程中封装不当引入的应力,会导致信号光光束质量劣化和光纤温升,为了解决此问题,理论分析了光纤形变对信号光模式分布的影响,利用有限元方法建立包层光导致光纤发热模型,实验研究了不同封装方式对光纤发热情况和信号光光束质量的影响。实验表明,应力导致的光纤形变会造成信号光M2值在受力方向上略微变小而其垂直方向上变大,在输出100 W信号光时,施加应力导致的M2值的变化最高为0.39,与仿真结果相符。在光纤温升方面,相比于使用硬质胶水带来的12 ℃温升,使用硅橡胶封装的剥离器将温升控制在5 ℃以内,且其封装应力引入的M2值的变化在0.05以内。     

基于随机光栅的可调谐随机光纤激光器

提出一种基于随机光栅与高反射布拉格光栅(FBG)相结合的可调谐随机光纤激光器。利用980nm泵浦光源泵浦一段7m长的掺铒光纤(EDF)进行增益放大,由随机光栅提供随机反馈。随机光栅长7cm,具有约10000个折射率修改点,这些点由飞秒激光逐点写入,并沿光纤方向随机分布,两点相邻间隔小于10μm。同时,利用中心波长为1548nm的高反射FBG来组成半开放腔结构,实现了随机激光的输出。实验测得的泵浦阈值功率仅为18mW,斜率效率高达13.2%,并通过改变FBG的中心波长,实现了输出激光波长的可调谐,调谐范围为4.45nm(1548.04~1552.49nm)。得益于半开放式激光腔的设计和EDF的高增益,整个系统具有阈值低、效率高、结构简单等优点。     

Numerical study of flow distribution uniformity for the optimization of gradient porosity configuration of porous copper fiber sintered felt for hydrogen production through methanol steam reforming micro-reactor

A macroscopic numerical method is proposed to study the flow distribution uniformity of a novel porous copper fiber sintered felt (PCFSF), which has gradient porosities and was developed as the methanol steam reforming micro-reactor catalyst support for hydrogen production for fuel cell applications. The macroscopic porous media developed by the ANSYS/FLUENT software is used to represent the PCFSF. Our results indicate that the gradient porosity can reshape the flow distribution of PCFSFs greatly, thus producing significant influence on their performance. It is further revealed that, for a PCFSF with a determined gradient porosity configuration but different reactant feed directions, the velocity uniformity can be used as a quantitative criterion to evaluate the performance of hydrogen production. Furthermore, new gradient PCFSFs are produced according to the flow distribution of original gradient PCFSFs. The preliminary experimental results of the new gradient PCFSFs of 0.8-0.9-0.7 and 0.7-0.9-0.8 exhibit better methanol conversion and H₂ flow rate. This indicates that the numerical method can be used for the optimization of PCFSFs' gradient porosity configuration, which consists of the shape and position of the interfaces between different porosity portions, the number of interfaces and the porosity distribution in different portions.     

A series of Er~(3+)-activated SrLaGa_3O_7 single crystal fibers for mid-infrared laser application

A multidisciplinary approach for the production and characterization of a series of high concentration Er~(3+)activated SrLaGa_3 O_7(abbreviated as Er:SLGO) crystal fibers is shown to have a great promise for implementation in mid-infrared laser applications.The current approach includes the design and formation of unique layered tetrahedral network structures with several kinds of rare earth(RE) ions including Er ions distributing statistically between layers,such as Er:SLGO,Er,Nd:SLGO,Er,Yb,Ho:SLGO,Er,Eu:SLGO and Er,Ho:SLGO.Five kinds of Er:SLGO crystal fibers were designed to grow via a micropulling down method.Spectroscopic analyses show that Er,Yb,Ho:SLGO and Nd,Er:SLGO crystal fibers were superiorly endowed with inhomogeneous broadening absorption and strong emission.The unique structural components design enables the generation of improved absorption and emission recombination,and the inhibition of self-termination as well.Generally,the use of structural components design may warrant high-efficiency emissions in RE-doped crystal fibers.     

Low dielectric constant polyimide mixtures fabricated by polyimide matrix and polyimide microsphere fillers

Polyimide microspheres were prepared via non‐aqueous emulsion polymerization by using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as anhydride monomer and 2,2‐bis(4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane as amine monomer. The polyimide microspheres were well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM and laser particle size analyzer. They were spherical in shape and monodisperse and their size was 31–33 μm. Polyimide mixtures formed by polyimide microspheres as fillers and polyimide composed of pyromellitic and dianhydride 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) as matrix were investigated with regard to thermal properties, dielectric properties and mechanical properties. With 10%–50% polyimide microspheres in the polyimide mixtures, the dielectric constants were 2.26–2.48 (1 MHz) and the loss tangents were 0.00663–0.00857 (1 MHz), which were both significantly lower than the values for ODA‐PMDA polyimide. The decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were above 440 and 290 °C. The polyimide mixtures possessed excellent thermal resistance. When the percentage of polyimide microsphere addition was 30%, the polyimide mixtures had the largest tensile strength (128.50 MPa) and elongation at break (9.01%). These results indicate that the polyimide microspheres were used as both low dielectric fillers and reinforcing fillers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

柠条的纤维特性及其双螺杆CMP制浆性能研究

以柠条为原料，分析了其化学组分和纤维形态，并探讨了柠条双螺杆CMP法的制浆工艺以及浆料的纤维形态和成纸的物理性能。研究结果表明：与针、阔叶木相比，柠条原料中纤维素和综纤维素质量分数较低，苯醇抽出物和热水抽出物质量分数较高，柠条纤维长度总体偏短，木质部和皮部的纤维质量平均长度分别为0.621和0.819 mm，还存在部分杂细胞。采用3.5% Na₂SO₃和1.5% NaOH常温预浸12 h、90℃汽蒸1 h后再用双螺杆挤浆机在质量分数35%下进行搓丝，并结合高浓盘磨机磨浆，所得CMP浆得率可达73%。柠条CMP浆基本保持了纤维原有的长度，质量平均长度达0.650 mm，长宽比为32.7，纤维解离较好，但分丝帚化情况不理想，含有部分纤维束和杂细胞。当加拿大游离度为300 mL时，柠条CMP浆成纸的环压强度指数和松厚度较高，分别为8.67（N·m）/g和2.56 cm³/g，抗张指数为19.6（N·m）/g，本色浆白度较高，达50%（ISO）。柠条CMP浆适合配抄瓦楞原纸等包装用纸，漂白后可配抄新闻纸和白板纸。     

碳基采暖电热材料研究进展

近几年,由于节能与环保的需求,电取暖的方式得到大力的推广,电热材料的研究与应用受到人们广泛的重视。非金属碳基电热材料是新型的节能型电热采暖材料,本文重点对影响非金属碳基电热材料中的炭黑基电热材料、碳纤维基电热材料、碳晶电热材料电热性能的因素及相关应用进行了综述。